汤安: 你可能没见过的水果 1
抱歉这一帖无论怎么编辑都是冲出界外，删掉了许多图和描述也修正不回框架之中，只好这样放宽银幕了。
一直喜欢各种水果，从小时候在南方探亲背了个大菠箩回到北方开始，经历了许多水果美 味，后来还特地从版纳真地带了个巨大的菠箩 (6~8斤?) 给一位未曾谋面的教授品尝 (当然不象下图那么巨大)。
大菠箩 Circa 1940 real photo postcard.
说明里面介绍说这两图都是实际菠箩照片，看来应该是真有这么大的大菠箩。不过，还是难以相信。
这篇文章连查带写地经过了了很长时间，许多图片资料来自网上，采用之后原始出处图片却关闭掉了，结 果很快就无法显示。好处是它给了我时间去植物园博物馆了解实物。我们所能经历的世界有限，世界却从来没有变小。
我在各种旅途中采用我父亲的建议，"没尝过的水果和当地食品一定争取去品尝"，这种观点，的确帮助不小: 当一个古巴小贩强调的他车上的热代水果我不会喜欢而买下来直接大吃时，两人的心里都充满了欢乐。
这里整理了一些少见的可食用水果，其中也有非食用的，
挂一漏万，还得不断添补，
你可能没见过的水果和 山果
汤安
今天，新的瓜果已经不容易发现了，多数稀有品种只是因为受到生长地区的限制而不为外界所知。不过，下面图中的花，就是在科学杂志发表的在中南美洲新发现的 一种Gurania果实的花。说明还有未知的新的种类。即使是植物学上已知的水果，我们又知道其中多少呢?
看完本文，也许大家就可以知道其中不少了。
Rare gurania
Finding a gurania in bloom in a world of green is about as exciting as running into a flashy passion fruit flower. I discovered this one only two days ago close to the old roundhouse, which was destroyed a few years ago by a falling rubber tree. The plant is a vine belonging to the cucumber family, Cucurbitaceae. There are different species but the ones I've seen seem to be the same. In reality, I've never seen many of them, maybe an average of two or three a year. This flower was only off the ground 12 inches or so but I've seen them high up in the trees. An anonymous reader of the blog remarked that this may be G. eriantha. Sicence: Gurania makoyana: to understand if the plants have coevolved with their insect parasites, fruit flies that belong to the genus Blepharonuera (Diptera). Researchers address this question by comparing phylogenies (trees) that we build using data from DNA. Research on this project involves travel to field sites in Central and South America.
热带出产最多的陌生水果 Tropical Fruits
蛇皮果, a species of palm tree native to Indonesia and Malaysia. It is a very short-stemmed palm, with
leaves up to 6m long; each leaf has a 2m long petiole with spines up to 15cm long.
蛇皮果，东南亚水果 拉丁名：Salacca Reinw，印尼（以及马来西亚和新加坡）名： Salak。棕榈科， 蛇皮果属，非乔木。其植株与东南亚草本油棕榈类似，叶自根部丛生，高3~ 4米，果实丛生于根部叶腋处。 叶柄密生尖刺。果皮外密生毛刺。蛇皮果的果肉是白中带黄色，但是咬下去是很爽脆的感觉。在不同的地方， 所产的品种略有差异，一定要选色 泽深亮熟度好的来买，有些会有不大愉快的气味，而肉质很乾硬，非常 的酸涩。印尼峇里岛产的蛇皮果是最好， 肉质甜中带酸，不会苦涩，也不会很乾硬的感觉，果肉饱满像苹果 一样的爽脆，果核也比较小，带有点点淡淡 的香气。据说蛇皮果还有美容的效果，所以最近也有用蛇皮果做 的保养品。
Snake Fruit [Buah Salak (Salacca Edulis)]Tree
The fruit grow in clusters at the base of the palm, and are also known as snake fruit due to the reddish-brown scaly skin.
色泽深亮熟度好的蛇皮果 Buah Salak (Salacca Edulis)
Salak
The pulp is edible. The fruit can be peeled by pinching the tip which should cause the skin to slough off so
it can be pulled away. The fruit inside consists of three lobes, each containing a large inedible seed. The
lobes resemble, and have the consistency of, large peeled garlic cloves. The taste is usually sweet and
acidic, but its apple-like texture.
马来西亚 苦酸果 'rotan' ( Calamus ornatus) Malaysia
The fruit of the well known 'rotan' ( Calamus ornatus), non-seasonal.
长梗杧果 The seasonal Ong Balem
它跟杧果（Mangifera indica）是一个属，吃起来应该一样。
Manilkara zapota
Common name : Sapodilla, Ciku (Malay), 人心果, lamoot-????? (Thai)
Family : Sapotaceae
Babaco果 (五棱番木瓜)
Tamarillo (Tree) Tomate 树蕃茄
树 蕃茄，中国南方也有，我在云南从文山到版纳都见过和品尝过，味道类似蕃茄，似乎更甜，但水分较少，
十分耐储藏。A small, attractive, half-woody, evergreen or partially deciduous, shrub or small tree. The
fruits are juicy and sub-acid, they are eaten out of hand, added to salads, used in preserves, jams, jellies
etc. The mature fruits resemble a hen's egg in size and shape and, in the West Indies, ripen from October
to January. The seedlings grow rapidly and generally produce the second year. Will grow indoors with
warmth and bright light.
蕃茄里的稀有品种，包括极其稀少的黑蕃茄, 蓝蕃茄
Curious fruit
resemble elongated tomatoes or a pair of red horns.
Obviously salt tolerant, it would make an attractive specimen plant for a coastal garden in a warm climate.
Toga Striped Eggplant
难看可吃的Toga 茄 果 Dillenia indica (eadible)
This evergreen spreading tropical tree is up to 60 feet tall. It has beautiful white fragrant flowers, toothed
leaves and globose 3-4" edible fruits with small brown seeds.
番石榴里面的鸡番果 Chilean Guava
介于火龙果和仙人果之间的 Cereus peruvianus 仙人掌果
营 养和口感都不错，但是甜度不太够。
Night Blooming Cereus, Peruvian Apple, Column Cactus. Cereus peruvianus is a large erect, thorny
columnar cactus. It is an unexplored, underutilized cactus, grown only as an ornamental plant, even
though it produces attractive, edible fruits. The nocturnal flowers remain open for one night. The fruits
are thornless and vary in skin color from violet-red to yellow. The flesh, which is the edible part of the
fruit, is white and contains small, edible, and crunchy seeds.
巧克力藤角 NEW HYBRID CHOCOLATE VINE plant
巧克力藤角果，它跟后面讲到的真正巧克力树 Chocolate Tree接的cacao beans不是一回事。
四物果 [釋迦果] Annona Squamosa Sugar Apple ?
估 计这个种的名称有问题，釋迦果应该是聚花果,本种似 乎是下面的Sibut四物果的一种。
Sibut果 (四物果?)
Kerdas ( Genuak )
有手掌大小的一种好吃不好闻的 果实，吃的是里面的种子, 它可以直接吃，也有各类罐头产品。
Jering 椰菱果
没吃过，有一 种夹面包的甜酱就叫Jering酱
An edible, usually sweet and fleshy fruit.
没 见过，但是绝对可食用的美丽果子。
Exotic tropical fruits look and taste very different to apples and oranges
这个肯定是稀奇水果了， 不知道叫什么。
Ubaia. Eugenia patrisii
'Lorver' pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) fruit 嘉賓果
藤樱果 單子蒲桃(嘉賓果)
Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae)
Common Names : English: pitanga, Surinam cherry, Brazilian cherry, Cayenne cherry, Florida cherry
Portuguese: pitangueira vermelha, pitangueira, pitanga-do-mato, pitangueira miuda, pitangueira comum, pitanga rósea.Spanish: pitanga, cereza de Surinam, cereza de cayena, pendanga, cereza cuadrada, guinday, guinda.French: cerise à c?tes, cerises-cotes, cerise de Cayenne, cerise de pays, cerise carée. Dutch (Suriname): Surinaamsche kersh, zoete kers, monkie monkie kersie. Guraraní (Paraguay): ?anga-pirí
Origin and Distribution . South America from Venezuela and Guayana to southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. It is cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics.
Botanical Synonyms There are about 19 botanical synonyms for Eugenia uniflora, including Eugenia microphylla, Myrtus brasiliana, Plinia pedunculata and Stenocalyx uniflorus.
Description:Large shrub to small tree, reaching 25 feet (7.6 m). Multiple thin trunks and densely branched, with smooth bark. Leaves opposite, glossy green, 1.5 to 2 inches (4 to 5 cm) long and 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. New growth reddish. Perfect axillary flowers, solitary or in groups of up to four. Fruits round, ribbed, red or dark purple, around 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, with a thin peel, juicy, sweet,edible.
Brazilian Surinam Cherry 巴西樱桃 (Eugenia uniflora)
英文名：Surinam cherry, red Brazil cherry. 别名：扁樱桃、八角樱桃、番樱桃、红果仔、红果子、毕当茄、棱果蒲桃、巴西红果、苏利南莓。 科属：桃金娘
金虎尾果 亮叶金虎尾 (Malpighia glabra)
barbados cherry
英文名：Acerola 阿西罗拉
Acerola cherry(西印度櫻桃)學名： Malpighia glabra
科別： 黃褥花科
营养成分构成：针叶樱桃从1946年被发现每100克含有1800~4000毫克超高量之维生素C后，引起科学界极大关注。经科学家多年深入研究，针叶樱 桃营养成分构成：水分70.6％、蛋白质0.32％、脂肪0.13％、糖类3.8％、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素A、烟碱酸、核黄素、铁、 磷、钙等，其中除含维生素C外，每100克果实中还含维生素B1为28毫克、维生素B2为79毫克、维生素A为1832IU（IU为国际单位）、烟碱酸为 340毫克。
Leucaena leucocephala
Common name : Petai Hutan (Malay ), Krathin- ?????? (Thai)
Family : Fabaceae Leucaena leucocephala 银合欢果
terkenal dgn nama Buah Jentik-Jentik
Pulasan 葡 萄桑 (山红毛丹)
Pulasan 这名字源自马来语「Pulas」，既「扭转」的意思。欲剥开果实，只需往反方向扭转即可。葡萄桑外皮有类似软刺状的物体，远看会让人误以为是大型的杨梅， 触摸时有塑胶般的手感，果肉比红毛丹甜且多汁。 由于属季节性果实， 葡萄桑则不做商业种植，属「可遇不可 求」类的水果，对那些曾品尝过的食客来说，葡萄桑可算是热带水果中的「梦幻之果」。
Buah lahung, buah lahung
红毛丹（Rambutan），又名 毛荔枝、韶子、毛龙眼，
dengan biji
一种宾朗椰果类的植物接的果 实，越南店里＄３一磅，吃起来跟福建台湾出的油甘子 一 样，里面是树果核，不太有甜味，但是口感还行。
鹅 莓 Grossularia
鹅 莓生长在气候较冷的地 区，比如欧洲北部，北美北部。欧洲鹅莓（Ribes grossularia）和美洲鹅莓（Ribes hirtellum）是现代鹅莓品种的两个祖先。鹅莓颜色各异，
此 外，奇异果（kiwi fruit）曾被称作“鹅莓”，前身就是中国的猕猴桃（kiwi fruit，kiwi berry）。猕猴桃外国称“中国鹅莓”，民间称阳桃。
刺儿李鹅莓
直译为刺儿李，别名灯笼果。 也有翻译为醋栗、醋栗莓的，
醋栗 （Currant）玉米粒大小，比鹅莓小多了。
醋栗属于另一类浆果，虎耳草科醋 栗属。醋栗 产于北方地区，主要产地包括欧洲中北部，亚洲北部
和北美。
rubrum），味道比黑醋栗略酸，更常用来制作果酱和烹饪。
德国，荷兰，
nigrum），在欧洲有着悠久的药用历史，
怕的短缺。
笼 罩的战争年代，
食，其外观 晶 莹剔透，颇像精致的玻璃球。
Nanking Cherry: Prunus tomentosa
NanKing berry (南京樱莓?)
脆 绿奇异果 不大，跟中国秦岭产的狗枣弥猴桃有些类似，好吃。
Achee fruit
阿蕲果，生的时候有一种名叫牙买加毒的毒 性，估计吃了肚子会痛而 起的名。
The ackee, a fruit brought to the Caribbean from West Africa during the slave trade, is only edible when it
is exactly ripe. Underripe or overripe ackee causes a reaction known as Jamaica poisoning, which can be fatal.
Despite the dangers, many in the Caribbean eat the fresh fruit on a regular basis. Canned ackee is available
in parts of the US, but it is illegal to import the fresh fruit.
Ackee (pronounced "ack-key") is the national fruit and dish of Jamaica
Like reggae, Bob Marley, Red Stripe beer and Blue Mountain coffee, ackee is quintessentially and unmistakably
Jamaican.Every Jamaican at home and abroad longs for a Sunday breakfast of ackee and saltfish (ackee sauteed with salted codfish or baccalao,onions and tomatoes), served with fried plantains, johnny cakes (fried flour dumplings), boiled green bananas or yellow yam, and a slice or two of Jamaican hard-dough bread.
Preferrably freshly picked ackee, of course, which is more flavorful and has a smoother more buttery taste; but canned ackee or frozen fresh ackee can be almost as good.The ackee has an interesting history, diverse non-culinary uses, and the distinction of being a gastronomic delight with chimeric features: mouth-watering breakfast staple, and.....lethal poison, if prepared improperly. Ackees have high nutritional value and the exportation of ackee canned in brine is an important revenue earner for Jamaica and Haiti. Jamaica is the only Caribbean island in which the ackee is very popular, it is found in the other islands of the Caribbean, but is not consumed.
Prunus lyonii fruit
加州土著印地安 人的水果, 看名字是跟樱桃一样是属于李属（Prunus）的好吃水果。
Prunus lyonii, a native to the Catalina Islands so technically this is a California native.
Musa balbisiana,
这个不用说，原始香蕉就得这么边吃边吐核
A wild banana, an ancestor of today's bananas
The banana may be one of the first crops to be domesticated by man. They may have evolved along with the earliest settled agriculture and may therefore be some tens of thousands of years old.
Banana is now one of the most popular of all fruits.
Although it is viewed as only a dessert or an addition to breakfast cereal in most developed countries, it is actually a very important agricultural product. After rice, wheat and milk, it is the fourth most valuable food. In export, it ranks fourth among all agricultural commodities and is the most significant of all fruits, with world trade totaling $2.5 billion annually.
Yet, only 10% of the annual global output of 86 million tons enters international commerce. Much of the remaining harvest is consumed by poor subsistence farmers in tropical Africa, America and Asia.
Pequi (Caryocar Brasiliensis)
Pequi Oil (Caryocar Brasiliensis) is from a Brazilian edible fruit and has a “unique combination of essential fatty acids and is highly emollient, making it an effective moisturizer for products intended to heal dry and cracked skin, eczema and psoriasis. It can also be used in the production of specialty soaps intended to aid skin conditions. When used in hair care formulations, pequi oil helps smooth the hair cuticle to increase smoothness, shine and decrease frizziness.” – OCA Brazil
Sumac, Sugar; Sugarbush
因为甜得可口，连果带叶子和花都可以吃，或者做饮料。
HABITAT: Dry rocky slopes below 2,400 feet, in oak woodlands and chaparral.
RANGE: California and Arizona.
EDIBILITY: Fruit and Leaves
The fresh fruit can be soaked in warm or cold water for 10 to 30 minutes to make Indian Lemonade. The leaves can be boiled to make an herb tea.
龙 宫果 （Longkong），无患子目楝科兰撒（或榔色木）属果实，
蔷薇科
新水果，还没正式名称 (叶子和果形出不了蔷薇目，看起来叫它＂苹果布朗＂错不远。)
This new fruit has somevery unique attributes that sets it aside.
延边苹果梨
苹果梨 巴彦淖尔盟
以 吉林苹果梨，河套苹果梨和甘肃陕南苹果梨的出名。延边苹果梨主产于吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州。果形扁圆，果面带有点状红晕。酷似苹果，故名苹果梨。延边苹果 梨系由1921年从朝鲜引种6棵梨的接穗，与今龙井市桃源乡小箕村的耐寒山梨嫁接而成的。陕西苹果梨更象是＂梨苹果＂，透着梨黄色和一丝丝苹果红,
akebia fruit immagini
Pawpaw, Asimina triloba
Akebia fruit and
American Custard Apple, West Virginia Banana, Indiana Banana. Deciduous tree growing to about 30 feet. The fruit is 3"-5" long and is almost black when ripe, with a highly aromatic flavor. The fruit tastes like mix of papaya and banana and is often called an Indian banana. The name pawpaw comes from the Arawakan Indian name for the papaya. Grows as far north as New York and southern Ontario, out west as far as Nebraska and Texas, and south to Florida.
Rose Hips
Rose Hips (Rosaceae Rosa) also called hipberries come from the rose plant.
金 樱子 学 名：Rosa laevigata Michx.
英 文名：Cherokee Rose 科 名：蔷薇科 Rosaceae
金樱子吃起来向是"浓缩了的干梨"，好的品种还是很入口的。维生素C的宝库。
错香蕉 Banana Poka 这个籽多，叫它＂错香蕉＂似乎有道理。
Banana Poka (Passiflora tarminiana):
Look out for the vines!
There’s an old saying in the world of popular nutrition: “If it tastes good and looks good, it must be bad for you.” This old chestnut certainly holds true in the case of the Banana Poka (Passiflora tarminiana). Although it has large, beautiful flowers that attract pollinating insects and photographers in large numbers, and bears large, tasty banana-like edible fruit, this woody vine is one of the most aggressive and destructive of Hawaii’s many invasive plant species. The Banana Poka isn’t really common on Maui yet, but it is well established on Hawai’i, the Big Island, and also on Kaua’i, where I first encountered it (see photos above).
Noni's Sanskrit name is Ayushka.诺丽 果(Noni) 是Morinda Citrifolia 的俗称。
Morinda citrifolia
Ume Double Pink apricot
生物学家罗夫. 海尼克（Dr. Ralph Heinicke）1957年在研究生物碱的过程中获得一个重要发现，一种旱性酵素对于人体细胞的活 化、修复和再生不可或缺，他将之命名为“赛洛宁（Xeronine）”并申请专利。
确认了 赛珞宁的重要性之後，海尼克博士便开始寻找其原料的来源，结果他找到了------------NONI果。
不看壳，跟血橙很象
白 草莓
白泡莓
秦岭白泡草莓[Fragaria pentaphylla]，
Pinit菲木莓 (Rubus fraxinifolius)
Observed habitat :
Trade name :
Leaves :
Full text of “Flora Malesiana”
其实仔细看，与枇杷是有区别的，枇杷不是这样分开长的
这是芒果的亲戚，庚大利gandaria
其有点象芒果，但核可实用，紫色的，果树也像，但不是芒果
外形象枇杷。
极其丰产的水果，看本栏目中中国热带作物引进品种的介绍中，台湾有栽培
庚大利
Family : Anacardiaceae
枇杷不是这样分开长的 这是芒果的亲戚，庚大利 gandaria
其有点象芒果，但核可实用，紫色的，果树也像，但不是芒果
外形象枇杷。
马六甲蒲桃 Syzygium malaccense
Synonyms : Caryophyllus malaccensis, Eugenia malaccensis
Common name : Malay Rose Apple, Jambu Bol (Malay)
Family : Myrtaceae
Annona purpurea
Soncoya, Toreta, Ilama. The fruit is rounded and 6-8", and is covered with a felt-textured brown skin. The surface of the fruit has hooklike projections. The pulp is similar in scent, appearance, and taste to that of the mango. It has many seeds. In Colombia, the pulp is eaten raw or is strained for juice, drunk as a beverage or folk remedy. In Mexico, Soncoya juice is regarded as a remedy for fever and chills.
Annona muricata
Common name : Soursop, durian belanda (Malay), 红毛榴莲
Family : Annonaceae
tidak
The ripened ovary or ovaries of a seed-bearing plant, together with accessory parts, containing the seeds and occurring in a wide variety of forms.
An edible, usually sweet and fleshy form of such a structure.
Botanical Name:
各种番荔 枝--釋 迦果
澳洲 檀香榴果 Quandong Fruit (Santalum Acuminatum)
The Quandong is a truly exclusive native Australian fruit. Found in the dry and semi-dry region of all Australian mainland states, Quandong trees have been classify as belonging to the santalum genus of plants. Ideally tailored to dry environments, the Santalum Acuminatum is known to be a half-parasitic plant.一种少见的果实，檀香科树果 产于澳洲。
BUAH CEPU 钮扣果
Date
Date;（椰枣树）date palm
别称:
椰枣（英文名称：Date）：又名波斯枣、番枣、伊拉克枣，是枣椰树（学名：Phoenix dactylifera ）的果实，《本草纲目》称无漏子。原植物属棕榈科刺葵属。分布于西亚、北非以及中国的福建、广西、云南、广东等地，目前已由人工引种栽培。生长在热带、亚 热带地区，是一种在西亚和北非沙漠绿洲中常见的绿色乔木。椰枣树树干高大挺直，树叶呈羽状复叶形，叶片狭长，类似于椰树。椰枣树雌雄异株，具有耐旱、耐 碱、耐热而又喜欢潮湿的特点。树龄可达百年。果实产量高，是中东一些国家的重要出口农作物。椰枣的营养价值高，亦被称为沙漠面包。
也叫“霸王果”或“非洲角瓜”水果仙人掌。