特质自我控制与健康行为：一项元分析及中介模型的检验
特质自我控制与健康行为：一项元分析及中介模型的检验
Trait Self-Control and Health Behavior: Meta-Analysis and Test of a Mediational Model
——《健康心理学》第45卷第7期，2026年7月——
【摘要】目的：大量证据表明特质自我控制与健康行为之间存在稳定的关联，但鲜有研究探讨其潜在机制。本研究利用现有研究的元分析综合数据，检验了一个中介模型，该模型探讨了特质自我控制通过社会认知理论构念及行为意向（作为潜在机制）对健康行为产生间接影响的路径。此外，本研究还考察了调节变量对模型效应的影响，包括行为控制过程（冲动性与反思性）、行为类型、特质自我控制与行为的测量类型以及测量时间间隔。方法：通过系统性的数据库检索，筛选出报告特质自我控制、社会认知构念（态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制）、行为意向与健康行为之间关系的研究。利用多层元分析结构方程模型，将本研究提出的模型与上述变量的合并相关矩阵进行拟合。结果：研究结果支持了模型预测，证实了特质自我控制通过态度、知觉行为控制和行为意向对健康行为产生间接影响，同时也存在剩余直接效应，表明这是一种部分中介关系。调节效应分析显示，与受反思性过程控制的行为相比，受冲动性过程控制的行为在特质自我控制与健康行为之间的直接和间接效应更为显著。针对行为类型、行为及自我控制测量类型以及测量时间间隔等调节变量的分析，未发现模型效应存在系统性差异。结论：研究结果为该模型提供了初步支持，揭示了特质自我控制与健康行为之间关系的潜在机制，并提供了未来研究中预期的效应量及变异性估计值。冲动相关行为是放大特质自我控制与行为之间效应的关键调节因素。
【关键词】自我调节；特质自我控制；健康行为决定因素；健康行为理论；社会认知理论
[Abstract] Objective: Pervasive evidence supports consistent associations between trait self-control and health behavior, yet few studies have tested the underlying mechanisms. We leveraged meta-analytically synthesized data from the extant research to test a mediational model specifying indirect effects of trait self-control on health behavior mediated by social cognition theory constructs and intention as a candidate mechanism. We also tested the effects of moderators on model effects: behavior control process (impulsive vs. reflective), behavior type, trait self-control and behavior measure type, and measurement lag. Method: Studies reporting relations among trait self-control, social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control), intention, and health behavior were identified in a systematic database search. Our proposed model was fit to the pooled correlation matrix among these variables using multilevel meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Results: Findings supported model predictions including indirect effects of trait self-control on health behavior directed through attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intentions, and a residual direct effect indicating partial mediation. Moderator analysis revealed larger direct and indirect trait self-control-health behavior effects in studies targeting behaviors under impulsive process control relative to those under reflective control. Analyses of behavior type, behavior and self-control measure type, and measurement lag moderators did not reveal systematic variation in model effects. Conclusion: Findings provide preliminary support for the model signaling a candidate mechanism for trait self-control-health behavior relations and providing prior effect size and variability estimates that could be expected in future studies. Impulse-related behaviors represent a key moderating condition that magnifies trait self-control-behavior effects.
[Key words] self-regulation; trait self-control; health behavior determinants; health behavior theory; social cognition theory
论文原文：Hagger, Martin S. Sas, Sabryna V. Balla, et al. (2026). Trait self-control and health behavior: Meta-analysis and test of a mediational model. Health Psychology, Volume 45, Issue 7, Pages 713–735. July 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001588
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
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