英国高校学生在单一学年内疑似自杀死亡的特征
英国高校学生在单一学年内疑似自杀死亡的特征：一项全国性回顾性病例系列研究
Characteristics of higher-education students in England who died by suspected suicide in a single academic year: a national retrospective case series study
——《柳叶刀-精神病学》第13卷第8期，2026年8月——
【摘要】背景：青少年自杀问题是全球关注的重点，而在教育领域加强心理健康支持则是英国自杀预防战略的核心。目前，针对全国范围内因自杀身亡的高等教育学生之个人特征进行详细研究的文献尚不多见。本研究旨在描述疑似学生自杀案例的个人及所在院校特征、学生与支持服务的接触情况，以及相关院校对严重事件调查行业指导意见的遵循情况。方法：本研究采用全国性病例系列设计，识别了2023–24学年（2023年8月1日至2024年7月31日）期间高等教育学生中的疑似自杀死亡案例。研究人员从英国各高等教育机构获取了经脱敏处理的严重事件报告，并利用一份与逝者家属、行业组织及慈善机构共同制定的结构化表格系统地提取了数据。此外，研究还评估了这些严重事件报告对国家指导意见的遵循程度。结果：英国各高等教育机构报告了2023–24学年期间发生的107例疑似自杀死亡事件。其中86例完成了严重事件报告，研究人员最终从50所院校获取了79份报告。在有相关数据的70名逝者中，大多数为男性（50人 [71%] 为男性，18人 [26%] 为女性）。在已知年龄的案例中（n=24），平均年龄为23.9岁（标准差7.0；范围19–47岁）。大多数学生的种族信息未知（79人中有70人 [89%]）。大多数逝者为本科生（63人中有45人 [71%]），且居住地远离家乡（61人中有44人 [72%]）。在有相关数据的50例死亡事件中，有11例（22%）发生在由大学管理或私人管理的各类学生宿舍内。有6份报告显示存在潜在的自杀聚集现象。在死亡前报告的最常见特征包括心理健康问题（73人中的45人 [62%]）、学业问题（73人中的38人 [52%]）和神经多样性特征（73人中的30人 [41%]）；这些问题往往伴随着人际关系问题（73人中的24人 [33%]）、自残行为（73人中的16人 [22%]）、社交孤立（73人中的11人 [15%]）、住房或经济困难（73人中的15人 [21%]）以及暴力问题（73人中的9人 [12%]）。在75名学生中，有52人（69%）此前曾接触过大学的支持服务；然而，相关报告指出，在获取支持、信息共享、参与度监测以及学术支持与学生关怀支持之间的协作方面，存在反复出现的问题。尽管有国家层面的指导方针，但在79起严重事件的调查中，仅有19起（24%）报告了家属的参与。解读：采取一系列措施——包括将校园心理健康置于优先地位，并为高风险群体（如神经多样性学生或经济困难学生）提供针对性支持——有助于预防自杀。大学应确保住宿安全，并在独立调查过程中常规性地让家属参与，从而从一开始就促进公开与透明。
[Summary] Background: Suicide in young people is a global priority and strengthening mental health support in education is central to England's suicide prevention strategy. Few studies have examined in detail the individual characteristics of higher-education students nationally who died by suicide. We aimed to describe individual and institutional characteristics of suspected student suicide, contact with support services, and adherence to sector guidance on serious incident investigations. Methods: We used a national case-series design to identify suspected suicide deaths in higher-education students in the 2023–24 academic year (from Aug 1, 2023, to July 31, 2024). Anonymised serious incident reports were obtained from higher-education providers in England. Data were systematically extracted using a structured pro forma developed with bereaved families and sector organisations and charities. Serious incident reports were also assessed for adherence to national guidance. Findings: Higher-education providers in England informed us of 107 suspected suicide deaths during the 2023–24 academic year. A serious incident report was completed for 86 of these deaths, of which 79 were obtained from 50 providers. Most students who died were men (50 [71%] of 70 with available data were men and 18 [26%] were women). Where known (n=24), mean age was 23·9 years (SD 7·0; range 19–47). Ethnicity was unknown for most students (70 [89%] of 79). Most students were undergraduates (45 [71%] of 63) who lived away from home (44 [72%] of 61). 11 (22%) of 50 deaths with available data occurred in university-managed or privately managed student accommodation. Six reports indicated potential suicide clusters. Mental health difficulties (45 [62%] of 73), academic problems (38 [52%] of 73), and neurodivergence (30 [41%] of 73) were the most common features reported before death, often alongside relationship problems (24 [33%] of 73), self-harm (16 [22%] of 73), social isolation (11 [15%] of 73), housing or financial problems (15 [21%] of 73), and violence (nine [12%] of 73). 52 (69%) of 75 students had previous contact with university support services, although reports highlighted recurring issues with access to support, information sharing, monitoring engagement, and joint working between academic and pastoral supports. Despite national guidance, family involvement in serious incident investigations was only reported for 19 (24%) of 79. Interpretation: A range of actions, including prioritising mental health on campus and offering targeted support to those at risk (eg, neurodivergent or financially insecure students) could contribute to suicide prevention. Universities should ensure the safety of accommodation and routinely involve families in an independent investigation process, promoting openness and transparency from the earliest point.
论文原文：Cathryn Rodway, Su-Gwan Tham, Pauline Turnbull, et al. (2026). Characteristics of higher-education students in England who died by suspected suicide in a single academic year: a national retrospective case series study. The Lancet / Psychiatry, Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages 678-687. August 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(26)00173-2
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
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