自我感知的性别认同与欧洲各地的抑郁症状相关
自我感知的性别认同与欧洲各地的抑郁症状相关
Self-perceived gender conformity relates to depressive symptoms across Europe
——《自然-心理健康》第4卷第6期，2026年6月——
【摘要】性别是公认的影响心理健康的社会决定因素，然而既往研究常将其简化为二元化的生理性别或社会性别。本研究探讨了在不同社会背景下，对性别规范的遵从程度与抑郁症状之间的关联。研究利用2023年欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey）涵盖24个国家194个地区的数据，结合访调员记录的生理/社会性别（女性或男性）、自我认同性别（女性、男性或其他）以及衡量女性化与男性化程度的量表，构建了一项既包含连续变量又包含分类变量的性别遵从度指标，涵盖了从低到高的自我感知性别遵从度以及性别不遵从群体。多层模型分析显示，性别不遵从群体的抑郁症状最为严重。在同一生理/社会性别类别内，与性别遵从度较高者相比，遵从度较低者通常报告了更严重的抑郁症状。尤为重要的是，在性别平等水平较低、性别规范更为传统的地区，这种差异更为显著。这些发现凸显了性别不遵从对心理健康造成的负担，特别是在文化环境较为保守的地区。
[Abstract] Gender is a known social determinant of mental health, yet research often reduces it to binary sex/gender. Here we explored how conformity to gender norms relates to depressive symptoms across varying societal contexts. Using 2023 European Social Survey data from 194 regions across 24 countries, we combined interviewer-coded sex/gender (female or male), self-identified gender (woman, man or other) and gradational femininity and masculinity scales to create a continuous and categorical gender conformity measure, covering lower to higher self-perceived gender conformity and non-conforming individuals. Multilevel models showed that depressive symptoms were highest among non-conforming individuals. Within the same sex/gender category, less conforming individuals generally reported higher depressive symptoms compared with more conforming individuals. Crucially, these disparities were more pronounced in regions with more traditional gender regimes that had lower levels of gender equality. These findings underscore the mental health burden of gender non-conformity, especially in restrictive cultural contexts.
论文原文：Hanna Wierenga, Birgit Derntl & Pia Schober (2026). Self-perceived gender conformity relates to depressive symptoms across Europe. Nature / Mental Health, Volume 4, Issue 6, Pages 1035–1044. June 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-026-00670-0
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
（需要英文原文的朋友，请联系微信：millerdeng95或iacmsp）
