行为成瘾背景下的动态评估：一项系统综述
行为成瘾背景下的动态评估：一项系统综述
Ambulatory assessment in the context of behavioral addictions: A systematic review
——《临床心理学：科学与实践》第33卷，第1期，2026年3月——
【摘要】游戏、赌博、购物、社交网络使用及色情内容使用等成瘾行为正日益受到广泛研究。尽管现有证据大多源自横断面研究，但近年来，采用动态评估（ambulatory assessment）方法的研究呈上升趋势，从而提升了研究的生态效度。本项预注册系统综述（PROSPERO—CRD42023450779）旨在识别针对行为成瘾的动态评估研究，归纳在自然情境下所评估的方法与心理机制，并探讨动态评估所面临的挑战与机遇。本综述分析了PubMed和Web of Science数据库中，发表于2000年至2025年间、且包含针对行为实施情况的动态评估指标的同行评审研究。研究的偏倚风险采用《流行病学观察性研究报告规范》（STROBE）清单进行评估，研究结果则采用定性方法进行综合归纳。在纳入的48项研究中，18项聚焦于赌博成瘾；各有8项研究分别聚焦于非特指的智能手机使用及社交网络使用；6项聚焦于购物成瘾；5项聚焦于色情内容使用；2项聚焦于非特指的互联网使用；仅1项聚焦于游戏成瘾。研究中对心理机制及行为实施情况的评估，主要通过使用经过验证的问卷或单个条目进行。在各类评估指标中，感知到的诱因、渴求感以及强化过程的评估频率最高，且这些因素在日常生活中与行为实施情况呈现出稳健的相关性。目前，针对成瘾行为的动态评估研究数量正持续增长，为深入理解成瘾机制提供了基于真实世界的洞察。然而，目前仍缺乏一套系统化的方法来全面评估行为实施过程及其背后的潜在机制。尽管研究突显了诱因与渴求感在日常生活中所具有的重要意义，但针对习惯形成及抑制控制能力的测量却鲜有涉及。此外，由于各研究在研究目标、设计方案及理论基础方面存在显著差异，导致研究结果之间的可比性受到了一定限制。基于上述发现，本综述针对未来开展成瘾行为动态评估研究提出了若干系统性的建议。
【关键词】行为成瘾，动态评估，人格—情感—认知—执行交互，游戏障碍，网络成瘾
[Abstract] Addictive behaviors including gaming, gambling, buying/ shopping, social-network use, and pornography use are increasingly studied. While most evidence stems from cross-sectional research, ambulatory assessment studies have increased in recent years, enhancing ecological validity. This preregistered systematic review (PROSPERO—CRD42023450779) aimed to identify ambulatory assessment studies on behavioral addictions, summarize methods and psychological mechanisms assessed in the natural environment, and discuss challenges and opportunities of ambulatory assessments. Peer-reviewed studies from PubMed and Web of Science published between 2000 and 2025 with ambulatory assessment measures of behavior enactment were analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed with a Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, and findings were synthesized qualitatively. Among 48 studies, 18 focused on gambling, eight studies each on unspecified smartphone use and social-network use, six on buying/shopping, five on pornography use, two on unspecified internet use, and one on gaming. Psychological mechanisms and behavior enactment were mostly assessed with validated questionnaires or individual items. Perceived triggers, craving, and reinforcement processes were assessed the most and showed robust relationships with behavior enactment in daily life. Numbers of ambulatory assessment studies on addictive behaviors are growing, providing real-world insights into addiction mechanisms. However, systematic approaches to assess behavior enactment and underlying mechanisms are lacking. While the relevance of triggers and craving in daily lives were highlighted, habit and inhibitory control were seldomly measured. Study comparability was limited due to heterogeneous research goals, study designs, and theoretical foundations. Systematic recommendations for future ambulatory assessments on addictive behaviors are proposed.
[Key words] behavioral addictions, ambulatory assessment, interaction of person–affect–cognition–execution, gaming disorder, internet addiction
论文原文：Anna Knorr, Elisa Wegmann, Astrid Müller, et al (2026). Ambulatory assessment in the context of behavioral addictions: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 51–70. March 2026,
https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000299
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
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