全面性教育的有效途径：来自三十年研究的证据
全面性教育的有效途径：来自三十年研究的证据
Promising Approaches to Comprehensive Sex Education: Evidence from Three Decades of Research
——《青少年健康杂志》第78卷，第1期，2026年1月——
【摘要】尽管有强有力的证据表明，全面性教育（CSE）除了预防怀孕和疾病外，还能带来一系列重要的益处，但目前针对如何实现这些益处的最有效途径的研究却十分有限。为了寻找与有效CSE相关的途径和策略的证据，我们根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告条目（PRISMA）指南进行了一项系统文献综述。我们检索了ERIC、PsycINFO和MEDLINE数据库，查找符合纳入标准（n = 80）的、评估学校K-12教育中CSE成效的研究。随后，我们筛选出那些描述了与除预防怀孕和疾病外，CSE的其他益处相关的途径或策略的研究。在将检索更新至2024年后，我们采用归纳迭代法，根据共同的途径和策略对研究进行分组（n=79）。与有效CSE相关的教学法、课程设置、课堂教学和学校层面的途径包括：基于批判理论的教学法；将性教育融入课程；从低年级开始；包含LGBTQ+群体的课程；媒体素养；以及性别融合的课堂。积极的成果也与性别与性联盟、校内健康中心、全校参与模式、家长参与和教师培训密切相关。三十余年的研究为与全面性教育相关的各种方法和策略提供了支持，这些方法和策略能够取得除预防怀孕和疾病之外的一系列有益成果。
【关键词】性教育，国家性教育标准，全面性教育，系统文献综述，从幼稚园高班到12年级，性教育策略，性教育方法，有效性教育，教师培训
[Abstract] Despite strong evidence that comprehensive sex education (CSE) has a range of important outcomes beyond pregnancy and disease prevention, limited research has explored the most promising approaches to achieving those outcomes. To identify evidence for approaches and strategies associated with effective CSE, we conducted a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched ERIC, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE for studies evaluating CSE outcomes of school-based K-12 educational efforts, meeting inclusion criteria (n = 80). We then identified those studies that described approaches or strategies associated with reported CSE outcomes beyond pregnancy and disease prevention. After updating the search to 2024, we used an inductive iterative process to group studies based on common approaches and strategies (n=79). Pedagogical, curricular, classroom, and school-wide approaches associated with effective CSE include: critical theory-based pedagogies; sex education across the curriculum; beginning in early grades; LGBTQ+ -inclusive curricula; media literacy; and gender-integrated classrooms. Positive outcomes were also associated with presence of Gender and Sexuality Alliances, School-based health centers, whole school approaches, parent involvement and teacher preparation. Over three decades of research provides support for approaches and strategies associated with CSE that achieves a range of beneficial outcomes beyond pregnancy and disease prevention.
[Key words] Sexuality education, National Sex Education Standards, Comprehensive sex education, Systematic literature review, K-12, Sex education strategies, Sex education approaches, Effective sex education, Teacher preparation
论文原文：Eva S. Goldfarb, Lisa D. Lieberman, Kurt Conklin (2026). Promising Approaches to Comprehensive Sex Education: Evidence from Three Decades of Research. Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages19-34. January 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.06.034
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
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