自闭症特征与中年和老年自杀倾向：探究心理健康和社会联系的中介作用
自闭症特征与中年和老年自杀倾向：探究心理健康和社会联系的中介作用
Autistic traits and suicidality in midlife and old age: investigating mediating effects of mental health and social connectedness
——《自然 / 心理健康》第4卷，第2期，2026年2月——
【摘要】中老年自闭症患者的自杀倾向有所增加，但人们对自闭症与中老年自杀倾向之间潜在联系的因素知之甚少。本研究报告了一项横断面观察性研究，纳入了9979名50岁及以上的成年人（76%为女性），他们完成了测量自闭症特征、当前心理健康状况、社会联系和自杀倾向（自杀意念和自杀性自伤）的问卷调查。我们采用路径分析法探讨了自闭症特征与自杀倾向之间的关系，以及当前心理健康状况、社会联系和性别（男性/女性）的中介作用。结果发现，抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、孤独感和社会孤立均显著中介了自闭症特征与自杀意念之间的关系，但效应量较小。对于自杀性自伤，男性、抑郁、PTSD和社会孤立被发现是中介因素。我们得出结论，心理健康问题和社会孤立是导致50岁以上具有高度自闭症特征人群自杀率升高的诱因。针对自闭症谱系人群，在其一生中开展有针对性的、个体化的干预措施至关重要。
[Abstract] Suicidality is increased among middle-aged and older autistic adults, but little is known about the underlying factors linking autism with suicidality in midlife and older age. Here we report a cross-sectional observational study of 9,979 adults (76% female) aged 50+?years who completed questionnaires measuring autistic traits, current mental health, social connections and suicidality (suicidal ideation and suicidal self-harm). We use path analysis to explore the relationship between autistic traits and suicidality and the mediating effects of current mental health, social connectedness and male/female sex. Our results find that depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), loneliness and social isolation all significantly mediate the relationship between autistic traits and suicidal ideation, with small effect sizes. For suicidal self-harm, male sex, depression, PTSD and social isolation were found to be mediators. We conclude that mental health difficulties and social isolation mediate higher rates of suicidality in 50+-year-olds with high autistic traits. Targeted and individually tailored interventions for people on the autism spectrum across the lifespan are important.
论文原文：Eleanor Nuzum, Radvile Medeisyte, Aphrodite Eshetu, et al (2026). Autistic traits and suicidality in midlife and old age: investigating mediating effects of mental health and social connectedness. Nature / Mental Health. Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 255–262. February 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00579-0
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
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