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西刻版 之 苏格兰国家博物馆里的钱穆博百科全书


发表时间:+-

2024-6-15


雕版印刷是国人最早发明的,大概没错。于是在中华文化圈,包括韩国和日本,都发展了自己独特的雕版印刷技术,尤其是小日本的浮世绘,把雕版印刷发展到了极致。而且雕版印刷,最早的目的是为了传播佛经,中国和韩国外加上四书五经,日本的浮世绘则加上了对战争和世俗生活的记录和宣传。可是在十九世纪随着西方通过鸦片战争打开了中国的大门,英国本土也开始尝试用木雕版,用来印刷英文百科全书传播科学文化知识了,算是木雕版中的另类,别具一格,暂称之为西刻版或英刻版,持续了大概半个多世纪,就被铅版印刷取代了,可谓是昙花一现。在爱丁堡的苏格兰国家历史博物馆里,就存有超过两万块这样的木雕版,用的是上好的黄杨木(Boxwood),全是英文和图像,质量精湛,巍巍壮观。其中的七千块,是1859年用来印刷钱穆博兄弟出版发行的钱穆博百科全书(Chambers's Encyclopaedia)的插图的。


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  • There are over 20,000 wood engraving blocks in the W. & R. Chambers Collection at National Museums Scotland. Over 7,000 of these blocks were created to print the illustrations in Chambers’s Encyclopaedia, which was first published in 1859.


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1859年发行的月刊《钱穆博百科全书》(Chambers's Encyclopaedia)木雕版 - 苏格兰国家博物馆藏。


Cover of the monthly issue of Chambers's Encyclopaedia, 1859, from the British Library collections. Photo by Rose Roberto.


1859年发行的月刊《钱穆博百科全书》(Chambers's Encyclopaedia)的封面 - 英国伦敦大英图书馆藏。

 

To further increase understanding of the text, the encyclopaedia was beautifully illustrated with over 4,000 images.   Above: A page from the first edition of Chambers's Encyclopaedia showing different sizes of illustration.  It is these blocks which are now in the National Museums collection. Chambers’s Encyclopaedia New Edition Chambers’s Encyclopaedia was a great success – but time does not stand still, and twenty years on, it was revised and updated by a new editor and published in ten volumes between 1888 and 1992 as Chambers's Encyclopaedia New Edition.


  • A page from the first edition of Chambers's Encyclopaedia showing different sizes of illustration integrated with text.


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  • The firm of W. & R. Chambers was founded in 1832 by two brothers, William (1800-1883) and Robert (1802-1871). From humble beginnings as a small-time bookseller and hand-press printer, over the decades the company acquired a global reputation for its educational books, periodicals, dictionaries and encyclopaedias.


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百科全书中的人体解剖(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)


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百科全书中的罗马废墟(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)


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百科全书中的中国媒婆(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)


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百科全书中的植物营养沙培实验(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)


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百科全书中的天气地图等压线(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)


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钱穆博百科全书中的莎士比亚木刻雕版


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钱穆博百科全书中的亨利三世木雕版


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钱穆博百科全书中的拿破仑三世木雕版


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钱穆博百科全书中的达尔文木雕版


1718454753533871.jpga Print of 1862 Japanese Delegation to Europe with caption in Chambers's Encyclopaedia, 1863, Volume 5, based on a carte de visite by Vernon Heath, 1862.


钱穆博百科全书中的日本驻欧洲外交官木雕版


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钱穆博百科全书中的中国媒婆木雕版


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钱穆博百科全书中的《没有老师的中国私塾》木雕版


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钱穆博百科全书中的《没有老师的中国私塾》木雕版(上)和印刷图像(下)


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钱穆博百科全书中的《中国私塾老师-孔夫子》木雕


  • Woodblock for the entry for Confucius , depicting Confucius, captioned "Confucius (from the reduced facsimilie of a rubbing from a marble slab behind his temple at Kio foo hien" created to illustrate Chambers's Encyclopaedia Second Edition, Volume 3 page 411 c 1881. - one of a collection of woodblocks of illustrations used by W&R Chambers, 1830s -early 20th century。


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资本主义使得人的创造力第一次得到极大的激发和发挥,功莫大焉。因为档案工作做得好,大英帝国的这些个木雕版,不但能够看得到原版,而且能够找得到印刷出来的百科全书的页面。



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  • 当前共有5条评论
  • 席琳

    在1893年版钱穆博百科全书中孔夫子词条的图像和介绍:

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  • 席琳

    《老师不在时候的中国私塾》在钱穆博百科全书中的介绍:

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  • 席琳 回复 席琳

    Napoleon III in his early fifties, posing for a portrait in his Grand Cabinet.

    Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed on 4 September 1870.

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  • 席琳 回复 Siubuding

    厉害!

    Woodblock

    Woodblock depicting Napoleon III, wood, one of a collection of woodblocks of illustrations used by W. & R. Chambers Ltd, 1840s - early 20th century

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  • Siubuding

    @拿破仑皇帝


    貌似三世。一世波拿巴的画像从不留须。

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