13.1.2-4 畜生趣 Livestock Interest

13.1.2 - 13.1.4

13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest

畜生，性鲁钝，不能自立，只能被畜养于人类（如插图13.1.2-21，23，24），故得此名，如禽兽鱼虫等。作恶业愚痴多之众生感生此道。在三恶道中，畜生趣亦作血途，谓畜生之类互相撕咬、吞食。作中品十恶者，感此道生。此处约境、约心、约事来辨别畜生趣。

（一）境中品者，如杀鬼畜，盗鬼畜物等。

（二）心中品者，烦恼不轻，亦不极猛利等。

（三）事中品者，或作再三等。

以要言之，杂从见爱烦恼所发恶业，名为中品十恶，故是畜生因。爱的第一分（参见11.1 法的四分）是贪，爱烦恼泛指一切思惑（参见14.3《烦恼的数》中的81品思惑）。

Livestock, reckless dull in nature, unable to live on their own, can only be raised by humans (as shown in Illustration 13.1.2-21, 23, 24), hence the name, such as fowl, beast, fish, insect, etc. Sentient beings who have done ferocious karma and have many fools are inductively born on this path. Among the three evil paths, Livestock interest is path of blood, that is, livestock and the like bite and devour each other. The middle grade of ten ferocities give birth to this interest, here, associating with environment, with heart, and with affair to distinguish the livestock interest.

(1) The middle grade of ferocious environments, are such as killing ghost and livestock, stealing ghosts’ and livestock’s properties, etc.

(2) Middle grade of ferocious heart, has annoyances not light, nor is extremely fierce and sharp, etc.

(3) Middle grade of ferocious affair, or do it again, repeatedly, etc.

In brief, the evil karma randomly arising from the love vexation is called the ten ferocities of the middle grade and is therefore the cause of the livestock. The first juristic quadrant (see section 11.1 Juristic Quadrants) of love is greed, and the love annoyance generalizes to all the mean muddles (see section 14.3 for the significances of mean muddle).

畜生趣遍在诸处，两足四足，多足无足，水陆空行，互相吞啖。此道有情多愚痴贪欲。种类至繁，无量无数，兹约数义以括之：

（一）就形言，有披毛戴角鳞甲等之别。

（二）就依处言，有水陆空行等之别。

（三）就陆地言，重者土内，中者山林，轻者人所畜养。

（四）就昼夜言，谓昼行、夜行、昼夜行者。

Livestock interests are everywhere, with two legs, four legs, multi legs and legless, moving on land in water and in air, devouring each other. Sentients in this path are foolish, ignorant, and greedy. The variety is extremely numerous, immeasurable, and innumerable, and the approximate categories are summarized here:

First, in terms of form, there are differences among wearing hairs, horns, and scale armors.

Second, in terms of reliant place, there are differences such as moving in water, on land, and in air, etc.

Third, in terms of land, the heavy one is in the soil, the middle one is in the mountains and forests, and the light one is raised by people.

Fourth, as far as day and night are concerned, they are called day walkers, night walkers, and day and night walkers.

（五）就强弱言，强者伏弱，饮血啖肉，互相吞啖，怖畏百端。

（六）就寿命言，寿限多无定限，其极长者，可达一劫。

（七）就胜劣言，虽属旁生，由福德力，或为龙王、狮子王、金翅鸟王等。

（八）就生出言，有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生等。

（九）就趣报言， 此道遍于六道（即六趣）。

Fifth, as far as the strong and the weak are concerned, the strong conquers the weak, drinks blood and eats flesh, devours each other, horribly fearsome in many ways.

Sixth, as far as the lifespans are concerned, their lifespans are uncertain, and those who are extremely long have a catastrophe.

Seventh, as far as superiority and inferiority are concerned, although they belong to side born creatures, due to fortunate virtuous power, they may be dragon kings, lion kings, golden eagle kings, etc.

Eighth, as far as birth is concerned, there are womb birth, egg birth, wet birth, conversion birth, etc.

Ninth, as far as interest compensations are concerned, this path is pervasive in the six paths, which are hell path, livestock path, hungry ghost path, asura path, human path, and sky path.

13.1.3 饿鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest

契经描述说，饿鬼趣人缺乏信心，所以总是饥饿难耐。他们发现了食物，吃的时候认为，此物可果腹；吃完了，他们又什么都不信了，信心只有舌头那么长。恶鬼总是居于草木荒芜，饥荒瘟疫横行的世界，天空中没有希望。恶鬼的鬼字是说他们不会在光天化日之下做事，他们做生意正常人看不见。

饿鬼亦遍诸趣，有福德者，作诸处神；无福德者，居不净处，常受饥饿，其苦无量。就出生而言，饿鬼有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生。恶鬼经劫无数，寿量亦不定，极长者可达人间的千岁。在三恶道中，恶鬼亦作刀途，是说他们常常携枪持刀，常受刀箭逼迫，如图13.1.3-20。用现代的话说，他们喜欢携枪带炮，所以常常被炸弹和自杀式无人机炸。

Harmony Sutras describe that hungry ghosts lack faith, so they are always hungry. When they discovered food and eat it, they believe it can ease their hunger; after eating, they believe nothing again. Their faith was only as long as their tongues. Hungry ghosts always live in a world where vegetation is barren, famine and plague are rampant, and there is no hope in the sky. The word ghost for hungry ghosts means that they do not do things in broad daylight, doing business is invisible to normal people.

Hungry ghosts are also present in all places. Those with merit are gods in various places; those without merit live in filthy places, where they are often hungry and suffer immeasurably. In terms of birth, hungry ghosts are born in the womb, in the egg, in the wet, and in the conversion. Hungry ghosts undergo countless disasters, and their lifespan varies, the longest ones can reach a thousand years of human even a catastrophe. Among the Three Ferocious Paths, the hungry ghost interest is Sword Path, which means that they often carry clubs and knives, therefore they are often arrowed upon, as shown in Fig. 13.1.3-20. In modern parlance, hungry ghosts like to carry guns and artillery, so they often get bombed and suicide drones.

插图35表明恶鬼常常被讥笑、谩骂、和殴打，所以他们总是充满怨恨和恼火。图36表明由于贪嗔痴的增上作用，饿鬼生活在贫瘠的土地上，而且总是处于风暴、地震、瘟疫、通货膨胀和战争之中。

Illustration 35 shows that hungry ghost is often ridiculed, abused, and beaten, so they are always full of resentment and annoyances. Illustration 36 shows that hungry ghosts live on barren land and are always amid tornados, earthquakes, pestilence, inflation, and wars due to the escalatory effects of greed irritability and ignorance.

图40是欧洲人殖民美洲年代，一群西班牙饿鬼在抢劫墨西哥的富人。图42是古墨西哥给西班牙的投降书（《Lienzo de Tlaxala》，约在公元1552年）；笔者卢岩将其核心（如图41）翻译如下：标题是《翠玉女戳破泥血歌利王的圈套》（如41-1所示）。饿鬼对翠玉女说： “你们现在已经没有有能力作战的男人了；你翠玉女作为众生之母可以代表墨西哥向我们投降。告诉我，我们是怎样征服你们的？” 图42中大部分的图画表现的是大屠杀。翠玉女（即现在墨西哥国旗上的那只鹰或凤凰，是夏娃，是不可战胜的）说： “（图41-2）你们的青松石王子（即造物主，上帝）被毒品感染了，只知道索取。（41-3）抢夺来的财物是你们的镣铐，（41-4）你们是生活在这强盗所得的土地和房屋之中的囚徒。（41-5）你们给我们的 “意思食” （Mana，上帝赐予的食物，教法）让我们生病，变得弱小而堕入地下。（41-6）你们束缚了我们的四肢，囚禁了我们的身体，（41-7）但我们的灵魂是自由的。我的佣女们瞧不起你们。”

Figure 40 shows a group of Spanish hungry ghosts looting wealthy Mexicans during the European colonization of the Americas. Figure 42 is the surrender of ancient Mexico to Spain (Lienzo de Tlaxala, circa 1552 C.E.); the author Adam Luyan translates its core (as in Figure 41) below: The title is "Chalchiuhtlicue Penetrates through the Trap of King Mud-blood Song-Profit" (as shown in 41-1). The Hungry Ghost said: "You have no men capable of fighting now; you, Chalchiuhtlicue, as Mother of All Livings can surrender to us on behalf of Mexico. Tell me, how did we conquer you?" Most of the drawings in Figure 42 show the massacres. Chalchiuhtlicue (that is the eagle or phoenix that is now on the Mexican flag, is Eve, is invincible) replied: "(Fig. 41-2 shows) Your Prince of Turquoise (i.e., Creator, God) is infected with opium poppy and only knows to fetch. (Fig. 41-3) The looted possessions are your shackles, (Fig. 41-4) You are prisoners living in the land and houses obtained by robbery. (41-5) The "mean food" (i.e., mana, God-given food, teachings) you give us makes us weak, sick, and fall into the underground. (41-6) You have bound our limbs and imprisoned our flesh bodies, (41-7) but our spirits are free. My maids despise you."

作下品十恶者，感此道生，可约境，约心，约事来辨别。

（一）境下品者，夺人天命，盗人天物等。

（二）心下品者，微小贪嗔等。

（三）事下品者，或偶一作，或旋知悔改等。

以要言之，但从任运烦恼所起恶业，名为下品十恶，故是饿鬼因。

Those who commit the Ten Lower Grade Ferocities can be identified by their environments, hearts, and affairs.

First, environments of the lower grade, taking the lives of human and sky, stealing assets from humans and skies, etc.

Second, hearts of the lower grade, with a little greed and irritability etc.

Thirdly, affairs of the lower grade, doing occasionally, or repenting of in a moment, and so on.

To summarize, the ferocious karmas arising from the randomly consequentially annoyances, are named as the ten lower ferocities, therefore, those are the causes of hungry ghosts.

恶鬼的种类繁多，大别有三种九类：

（壹）无财鬼，言无财者以不得饮食故，有三类：（一）炬口，谓于口中，常出猛焰；（二）针咽，头腹如山，咽喉如针；（三）臭口，口如臭尸。

（贰）少财鬼，言少财者，以少得饮食故，有三类：（一）针毛，身毛如针，还自刺身，出血而食；（二）臭毛，身毛臭秽；（三）大瘿，项中有瘿，以手抉脓，还自食。

（叁）多财鬼，言多财者以多得饮食故，有三类：（一）得弃，常得弃食；（二）得失，常得遗失之食；（三）势力，此复有三：（1）夜叉，亦作勇健暴恶贵人，有三种，在地，在天，在虚空；（2）罗刹，亦作可畏食人鬼；恶鬼之通名也；（3）啖精鬼，食人精气之鬼也。

There are many kinds of hungry ghosts, roughly three categories nine types:

First, ghosts without wealth, who are said to be without wealth because they can not gain food and drink, are of three kinds: (1) torch mouth, which is said to be in the mouth, often emitting fierce flames; (2) needle throat, which is like a mountain in the head and abdomen, but like a needle in the throat; and (3) stinking mouth, which is like the mouth of a stinking corpse.

Second, less wealth ghosts, said less wealth, because they get less food and drink, there are three types: (a) needle hair, body hairs like needles, but also self-pricked body, bleeding, and they eat those; (b) stinking hairs, body hairs stinks foul; (c) big galls, galls in the neck, with the hand to choose the pus, and eat those.

Third, much wealth ghosts, said much wealth, because they get more food and drink, have three types: (1) to get abandoned, often get abandoned food; (2) to get lost, often get lost food; (3) the potential power, further divided into three types: (A) Valiant Ferocious Nobles, again three types of: On Land, In Air, and At Empty; (B) Rakshasa, is a common name for all hungry ghosts, is also known as the Fearful Man-eating Ghost; (C) munching sperm ghost, the type of ghosts particularly loves to suck and chew the essences of the human body.

13.1.4 修罗趣 Asura Interest

梵语阿修罗，即欧洲世界的泰坦，汉译作非天、非类、不端正。据说每当阿修罗吃到最后一口时，嘴里的食物总是变成泥巴。虽福报邻天，却无德享受，故曰非天。但从烦恼来说，尤甚于人，故在三善道中被列在人趣之下。修罗趣人好诤、好战斗，怕怖无极。（注，诤是好意劝谏义，是一切暴乱的起因。）

The Sanskrit word Asura, which is the Titan of the European world, is translated in Chinese as non-sky, non-category, and non-decency. It is said that whenever Asura eats the last bite, the food in his mouth always turns into mud. Although they are fortunate with the neighboring sky, they have no virtue to enjoy, so they are called non-sky. Only from the point of view of annoyance, especially inferior to human beings, so in the three benevolent paths, Asuras are classified as below the human interest. Asuras are good at expostulation and fight, extremely fearsome. (Annotation, expostulation means admonition, earnest and kindly protest; and is the cause of all riots.)

在因之时，怀猜忌心，虽能行善，为欲胜他。作下品十善，感此道生。辨别下品十善，亦约境、约心、约事说。

（一）对境增上，仅能于顺境保护身口意行为。

（二）约心来说，悠悠缓缓，或夹杂贪、嗔、痴等烦恼。

（三）约事来说，偶尔为善，不广大，不久积。

以要言之，虽能行十善戒，烦恼尚多，故是阿修罗趣的因。

At the time of the cause, with a suspicious jealous heart, although one is able to perform benevolences, but they desire to win over others. The ten benevolences of the lower grade led to the birth of this path. Identifying the lower ten benevolences is also to say from environment, heart, and affair.

First, escalation to environment, one can only protect bodily, oral, and intentional behaviors in the favorable situation.

Second, escalation to heart, leisurely and slowly, or mixed with greed, irritability, ignorance, etc. annoyances.

Thirdly, in terms of affairs, occasionally do benevolence, not extensive, and no accumulation for long term.

In summary, although one can practice the ten benevolent precepts, still has many annoyances, therefore, is the cause of Asura interest.

阿修罗种类颇难细列，兹以四类别之。

（一）畜修罗，从卵而生，畜生趣摄。

（二）鬼修罗，从湿气有，鬼趣所摄。

（三）人修罗，从胎而出，人趣所摄。

（四）天修罗，从变化有，天趣所摄。

佛悉知是人，悉见也是人。佛教中所说的湿生是指富有而吝啬的家庭成员，泥血。卵生是指王族的家庭成员，是从虱子卵出生的，秽血。化生是通过学习和修练，改变异生性（参见11.4.4.2 不相应行法）而形成的，如佛，菩萨，和道教中的真人等都是从修练的转变而来。

It is difficult to list the types of Asuras in detail, so classify them into four categories.

(1) Livestock Asuras, are born from eggs, and are assimilated by Livestock Interests.

(2) Ghost Asuras, come from moisture, and are assimilated by hungry Ghost Interests.

(3) Human Asuras, are born from wombs, and are assimilated by human interests.

(4) Sky Asuras, come from transformations and conversions, and are assimilated by sky interests.

Buddha knows all that is human and sees all that is human. In Buddhism, Wet Born refers to the family members of the rich but stingy, mud blood. Egg Born refers to the royal family members, born from lice eggs, filthy blood. Conversion Birth is formed through learning and cultivation, changing mutant nature (see 11.4.4.2 Noncorresponding Migration Laws) to have. For example, Buddha, Bodhisattva, and Taoist real human are all transformed through study and practice.

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