创新创到死的英国牛嚎瓷器
2023-12-13
中国的瓷器，百年不变，可是到了欧洲人尤其是英国人手里，就被玩得出神入化，式样翻新，日新月异了。其中就有一家叫牛嚎（New Hall）的瓷器厂，玩创新玩到了死，昙花一现，只传世五十年，可是给人类留下的瓷器标本，经久不衰，历久弥新。
New Hall produced hybrid hard paste porcelain tea wares between 1781 and 1835 in Shelton, Staffordshire. Most pieces are unmarked but are recognisable from the distinctive patterns although, because of the success of New Hall much of their style was copied by other contemporary factories.
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New Hall瓷器厂（New Hall China Manufactory, Shelton, Stoke upon Trent, Staffordshire, England），座落在英国瓷器重镇 Stoke 和 Hanley 之间 | |
New Hall was the first firm to make a commercially successful porcelain in Staffordshire. In 1782, a consortium of Staffordshire potters led by Jacob Warburton and Samuel Hollins purchased from Richard Champion the patent he had acquired for the manufacture of a porcelain using the native raw materials of Cornwall china stone and china clay. Champion had made porcelain at his Bristol factory utilising the Oriental technique of a lower temperature biscuit firing followed by a high temperature glost firing. The Staffordshire purchasers did not employ the Bristol process, probably regarding the high temperatures involved as uneconomic, and produced a porcelain made in the earthenware manner of a higher biscuit firing, followed by a lower glost one, adding lead to the glaze to ensure a fit to the body. The ware produced by this process has become known to collectors and ceramic historians as hybrid hard paste porcelain. New Hall continued to manufacture porcelain of this type until around 1814, when it changed to using the standard bone china body developed by the Spode factory which by that date had become the industry standard.
无一例外，牛嚎再牛嚎，早期的欧洲瓷器，也都是比葫芦画瓢，抄袭中国西厢记中的人物故事，可是因为西方人骨子里的创新和不同凡响，画虎不成反类犬，以至于花样翻新，中西合璧。下面是牛嚎瓷器厂，历年创新的中国题材茶壶类别:
| 型号 | 茶壶 | 茶碟/茶碗 | |
022 (1782-1787):Boy & Windmill | 
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沒有提供（1790 V&A 博物館藏品） |
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| 421（1790-1800）Boy and the Butterfly |
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425（1790-1805） Lady looking out of a window at children in the garden |
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621(1800-1815): Chinese Floral Flower Figures Bird |
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| 1040 (1812-1818) |  |  | |
| 1172 (1810-1825) |
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这还不算，由此还派生出了三千多个瓷器品牌。结果是，创新一个，就被别人抄去一个，一直到瓷器厂破产，算是近代世界瓷器史上的一个传奇。