莎士比亚十四行诗第五首

作者:高天阔海
发表时间:
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原文如下:

SONNET 5

Those Hours, that with gentle work did frame
The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell,
Will play the tyrants to the very same
And that unfair which fairly doth excel:
For never-resting Time leads Summer on
To hideous Winter and confounds him there;
Sap check'd with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,
Beauty o'ersnow'd and bareness every where:
Then, were not summer's distillation left,
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,
Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,
Nor it, nor no remembrance what it was.
But flowers distill'd though they with winter meet,
Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.

以下是分析:

Those hours that with gentle work did frame

The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell

Will play the tyrants to the very same

And that unfair which fairly doth excel.

以上第一至四行。

第一二行:时间温柔的能工巧匠赋予你美目流盼,人人都艳羡。

第三四行:(时间也)必将如暴君对你,夺走你的美目。

注意:这里,莎士比亚把青春与美、衰老与美的被剥夺(或丑)关联在一起。并且,时间被拟人化了。

For never-resting time leads summer on

To hideous winter and confounds him there,

Sap checked with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,

Beauty o’er-snowed and bareness everywhere.

以上第二小节。

第五六行:永不停歇的时间领着夏季到达可怕的冬日,在那里毁灭他。

第七八行:树液被霜冻阻断,茂盛的树叶也凋零殆尽;美景被白雪覆盖,所见一片荒芜。

本节把时间和夏季都拟人化了。夏季与美之间的关联,冬季与衰老之间的关联非常明显。衰老的过程、结果与季节的转换之间有一种平行与比喻。

Then were not summer’s distillation left,

A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,

Beauty’s effect with beauty were bereft,

Nor it nor no remembrance what it was.

以上第三小节。

第九至十行:那时,若夏之精华不被提纯(保留), 如同囚禁在玻璃墙中的液体囚徒。

第十一、十二行: 那么,美的魅力与美将一同消逝。 美不复存在,也无人记得它曾经的样子。

液体囚徒指的是香水。香水是夏花提纯之后保存在玻璃瓶内的。虽然夏花的形体已然消逝,其香气却可以通过香水继续存在。

But flowers distilled, though they with winter meet,

Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.

以上第四小节。

第十三行:经提纯之后,夏花即便遭遇寒冬的摧折而衰萎。

第十四行:它们外表的美消逝了,然而它们的芳香却依然能得以延续。

这首诗先把衰老之可怕极尽渲染之能事,把季节转换的必然与衰老的必然、美消逝之必然巧妙地平行与比喻。作者既然用夏花之绚烂来比喻青春之美(美男子之美)。夏花之美可以通过提纯为香水而延续其精华。而美男子之美,或青春之美呢,自然就要通过生育下一代(“提纯“)来延续其美丽了。


以下是全诗的白话译文:

那温柔雕琢的时光,

造出万众瞩目的美目流盼。

却也成了这美的暴君,

必将夺走这美目。

因为永不停息的时间,引领着夏日,

走向可怕的寒冬,并在那里将其吞没;

树液被霜冻阻断,茂盛的树叶凋零殆尽,

美景被白雪覆盖,所见一片荒芜:

那时,若夏之精华不被保留,

如同被囚禁在玻璃墙中的液体囚徒,

美的魅力也将随之消逝,

美本身也将不复存在,甚至连它的记忆也将荡然无存。

假如经过提纯,夏花虽被寒冬摧折,

它们外表的美消逝了,然而它们芳香的本质却得以留存。