性别、激素与肺部健康
性别、激素与肺部健康
Sex, hormones, and lung health
——《生理学评论》第109卷第1期，2026年1月——
【摘要】性别作为一种重要的生物学变量，在肺部健康中发挥着关键作用，导致肺部疾病易感性存在性别差异。某些呼吸系统疾病在女性中的发病率高于男性，尤其是在青春期之后，这表明卵巢激素对疾病机制有影响。其他疾病的性别差异则始于胎儿期，并贯穿整个生命周期。临床前和临床研究表明，性染色体和性激素都会影响肺部疾病的预后、免疫反应、对病毒和细菌感染的易感性以及对环境挑战的反应。本文综述了关于性别如何影响肺部生理和健康的最新研究进展，涵盖了呼吸生理学和解剖学、遗传学、分子和细胞生物学、环境健康以及免疫学等领域的广泛研究。我们重点阐述了生物性别、性腺激素以及职业和环境暴露如何影响疾病机制和预后。由于过去几十年来女性的临床预后改善速度不如男性，因此，了解性别变量在疾病预防和治疗策略制定中的作用至关重要。综合研究表明，呼吸系统的性别差异是生理反应和临床预后的重要决定因素。
【关键词】肺部疾病；肺部炎症；性染色体；性激素；性类固醇
[Abstract] Sex plays an essential role as a biological variable in lung health, leading to observed differences in lung disease susceptibility. Some respiratory conditions are more common in women than men, especially after puberty, indicating the influence of ovarian hormones on disease mechanisms. Other conditions display sex disparities that begin in utero and progress throughout the life span. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that both sex chromosomes and hormones can influence lung disease outcomes, immune responses, susceptibility to viral and bacterial infection, and responses to environmental challenges. This review summarizes the latest research on how sex affects lung physiology and health, drawing on a wide range of studies in respiratory physiology and anatomy, genetics, molecular and cellular biology, environmental health, and immunity. We emphasize how biological sex, gonadal hormones, and occupational and environmental exposures can impact disease mechanisms and outcomes. As clinical outcomes among women have not improved at the same rate as men over the past few decades, it is crucial to understand the role played by the sex variable in designing strategies to prevent and mitigate disease. The collective research indicates that sex-induced differences in the respiratory system are essential determinants of physiological responses and clinical outcomes.
[Key words] lung disease; lung inflammation; sex chromosomes; sex hormones; sex steroids
论文原文：Patricia Silveyra, Maksat Babayev, and Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke (2026). Sex, hormones, and lung health. Physiological Reviews, Volume 106, Issue 1, January 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00026.2024
（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）
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