通过数据实现社区、团结与关爱？自我追踪人际维度的伦理分析
通过数据实现社区、团结与关爱？自我追踪人际维度的伦理分析
Community, solidarity and care through data? An ethical analysis of the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking
——《人工智能与社会》2025年第40卷第4期——
【摘要】本文从杜威实用主义伦理学的视角探讨了自我追踪技术的人际维度。自我追踪用户经常与他人交换数据，通过其工具中嵌入的社交功能进行互动，并形成专注于数据共享和讨论的社群。本文运用杜威的“交易”概念来探讨自我量化如何影响用户对他人的感知，以及如何调解人际关系。在杜威的伦理学中，与他人的互动是道德生活的基本组成部分，个人的蓬勃发展只有在社会环境中并通过关爱他人才能实现。实用主义中的伦理理想和认知概念使我能够论证：尽管有人声称自我追踪技术能够促进社群的形成，但亲社会本能早在这些设备被采用之前就已存在，而自我追踪实际上阻碍了相互促进的社会纽带的形成。在本文的讨论中，将重点探讨认知距离的程度，这种距离使得与他人的真正互动变得困难；交易主体的限制使得用户无法决定他人如何看待自己；以及自我追踪技术的社会特征中嵌入的互动的简化性和工具性。此外，本文还将在自我量化的背景下分析社群形成的一些政治层面，并批判限制社群政治主体的数据和基础设施所有权结构。
【关键词】自我追踪，数据共享，团结，社会关系，伦理，实用主义
[Abstract] This paper discusses the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking technologies from the standpoint of Dewey’s pragmatist ethics. Users of self-tracking routinely exchange data with others, interact through social features embedded in their tools, and form communities focused on the sharing and discussion of data. I employ Dewey’s notion of transaction to discuss how self-quantification impacts users’ perception of others and how it mediates interpersonal relations. In Dewey’s ethics engagement with others is a fundamental part of moral life and individual flourishing can only be achieved in social contexts and through the extension of care towards other people. The ethical ideals and epistemic concepts present in pragmatism allow me to argue that despite claims that self-tracking technologies lead to the formation of communities, pro-social instincts exist prior to the adoption of the devices and self-tracking actually inhibits the formation of mutually uplifting social bonds. In my discussion, I focus on the degree of epistemic distance that makes genuine engagement with others difficult, limits to transactional agency that prohibits users from deciding how they are perceived by others, and the reductive and instrumental nature of interactions embedded in the social features of self-tracking technologies. Moreover, I also analyse some political aspects of community-formation in the context of self-quantification and criticise the ownership structures of data and infrastructure that limit communities’ political agency.
[Key words] Self-tracking, Data sharing, Solidarity, Social relations, Ethics, Pragmatism
论文原文：Michał Wieczorek (2025). Community, solidarity and care through data? An ethical analysis of the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking. AI & Society, Volume 40, Issue 4, Pages 2619–2631. April 2025.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02013-y
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